Nitrogen+Syngas
The magazine for the nitrogen and syngas industries

Latest issue:
November/December

• Plant Manager+: Problem No. 51: Restriction orifices in VOP exchangers
  Vertical one pass (VOP) heat exchangers are commonly applied in urea plants. As the residence time in these heat exchangers is small, unwanted side reactions like biuret formation and hydrolysis of urea are limited. Liquid enters the tubes of the heat exchanger at the bottom side via a control valve. Due to the pressure drop over this control valve some flashing will occur. Furthermore the heat input from the shell side will also result in gas formation. The gas causes a turbulent environment at the tube side increasing the heat exchange coefficient.

  Full article: 1,100 words | add to basket (£25)

• Latin America's syngas industries
  Trinidad and Brazil's gas constraints, Venezuela's social and economic ferment, and new plants in Bolivia and Mexico are all contributing to the changing dynamics of this region.

  Full article: 3,841 words | add to basket (£25)

• Waste to syngas
  The growing lack of landfill space in developed countries is leading to increased interest in the gasification of municipal waste to produce power, and even fuels, chemicals and fertilizer.

  Full article: 2,825 words | add to basket (£25)

• Meeting the challenges of coal-based methanol
  The challenging operating conditions of coal-based methanol plants and the economic need in recent years to build them on an ever larger scale has necessitated a technological breakthrough in methanol synthesis loop design. Casale has more than a decade of experience of coal-based methanol plants in China and shares some of its experiences.

  Full article: 1,615 words | add to basket (£25)

• Revamping for lower CO2 slip
  High CO2 slip is a common problem experienced in ammonia plants. V.K. Arora of Kinetics Process Improvements, Inc. (KPI)discusses the cost-effective revamp experience of a CO2 removal system of an ammonia plant with an attractive payback of just a few months.

  Full article: 1,409 words | add to basket (£25)

• The important role of DEA promoter in Benfield systems
  Utilising the ProTreat® simulator, R.H. Weiland, G.S.A. Weiland and M. Bailey of Optimized Gas Treating, Inc. have investigated how DEA affects CO2 removal in hot potassium carbonate solutions. It was found that if the CO2 unit is properly designed, what really determines treated gas quality is the performance of the regenerator, which can be greatly improved by using DEA.

  Full article: 2,195 words | add to basket (£25)

• The GV low-energy CO2 removal processes
  Giammarco-Vetrocoke's CO2 removal processes have a long history. L. Tomasi of Giammarco-Vetrocoke describes the continuous developments to the GV low-energy regeneration processes, focusing on the main improvements and key benefits of the different process schemes.

  Full article: 1,226 words | add to basket (£25)

• Lessons learned from urea incidents
  P. Baboo of National Fertilizers Limited, M. Brouwer and J. Eijkenboom of UreaKnowHow.com, B.V. and M. Mohammadian of OCI N.V. provide a detailed analysis of the first 100 urea safety hazards registered on the UreaKnowHow.com open source risk register for urea plants. The most critical safety hazards are described and prevention and mitigation measures are provided.

  Full article: 4,492 words | add to basket (£25)